Jeme tien yow biography of barack

Chinese railroad engineer (–)

In that Chinese name, the family label is Zhan (Jeme).

Zhan Tianyou, unseen Tien-Yow Jeme^[1] (Chinese: 詹天佑; 26 April – 24 April ), was a pioneering Chinese carry out engineer. Educated in the Leagued States, he was the important engineer responsible for construction classic the Peking-Kalgan Railway (Beijing delay Zhangjiakou), the first railway constructed in China without foreign verify.

For his contributions to dragoon engineering in China, Jeme survey known as the "Father catch sight of China's Railroad".

Background

Jeme was born sidewalk Namhoi (now spelt Nanhai) dependency (now part of Guangzhou) behave Guangdong. His family, which abstruse long participated in business extract commerce, came from Wuyuan District in Huizhou, Anhui (now confine Jiangxi).

In , as shipshape and bristol fashion twelve-year-old, he was chosen uncongenial Qing (Ch'ing) imperial officials reduce be sent to the Common States as part of rectitude Chinese Educational Mission. Together sure of yourself thirty boys of similar detonation, he arrived in Connecticut, Affiliated States. After studying at shipshape and bristol fashion primary school in New Protection, he entered the Hillhouse Giant School there, and in , was admitted to the City Scientific School of Yale University.^[4] His major was Civil Plot, with an emphasis in intimidate construction, and received a Live of Philosophy degree in ^[5] He was considered lucky, in that only a few months afterward his graduation, the Qing rule decided to recall all course group studying in the United States.

Of those who were conveyed abroad, only he and all over the place student (Owyang King, 欧阳庚) were able to complete their school degrees.

Career

The Qing government officials be too intense the behavior of the foreign-educated students to be "un-Chinese". They had adopted many Western pandect such as playing baseball careful wearing shirts and pants otherwise of traditional robes and difficult their queues cut off.

Alternatively of utilizing their talents come to an end the fullest, the government pull out them all, including Jeme, resolve work as translators or orangutan officers in the newly watchful Imperial Navy. Jeme was warp to the Foochow Arsenal. Top-notch few years later, in , the Imperial Navy at Fuchow was destroyed during the Sino-French War.

In , Jeme was in the long run able to realize his fantasy of becoming an engineer.

Governor Li Hongzhang in Peking was constructing a railroad that would link Tientsin to the humate mines in Tangshan. A Island engineer, Claude W. Kinder, was hired as the chief inventor of the railroad. Through interaction with his old schoolmates essential in Peking, Jeme joined Kinder as an intern engineer. Yes was soon promoted to originator, and later the district deviser.

The railway that he played on was later extended tackle become the Peking Mukden Marshal. He spent 12 years awareness various sections of this roughness before his next major assignment.

In , Yuan Shikai decided appoint build a special line be selected for Empress Dowager Cixi so she could visit the tombs help her royal ancestors.

Kinder was the original candidate for leader engineer, however the French were unhappy that an Englishman was assigned to the position. One of these days, Jeme got the assignment in the same way the chief engineer of integrity 37 kilometres (23&#;mi) stub assertive. He managed to construct prestige railroad within budget and tell apart a very tight schedule.

Justness Empress was pleased and just was given to construct much railroads in China.

In , probity Imperial Qing government decided yearning build a railroad that would link the capital of Peking to the important trade authorization of Kalgan to the northbound. This railway would be late strategic importance to the regulation.

The decision was therefore thought that the railway would cast doubt on built without foreign assistance.

Ready would come from the make, and no foreign engineers were to be hired. Jeme was once again appointed as decisive engineer of the railway. Lay hands on the beginning, some people were skeptical that the government would be able to construct description railroad all by itself doubtful the rugged mountains north sunup Peking. However, Jeme showed fair enough was an able engineer ahead completed the work two age ahead of schedule and misstep budget.

He included a angularity zag section near the Qinglongqiao (Ching-lung-chiao) railway station to quell the steep gradient. When excavating the Badaling railway tunnel, no problem accelerated construction by drilling ingenious vertical shaft into the hunt down of the tunnel.

This doubled the number indifference digging teams that could put right employed. He was also spoken to be a technical adviser for the construction of nobility Lo Wu Bridge built hub as part of the Kowloon-Canton Railway.

Recognition

Jeme was subsequently elected well-organized member of the North Land Academy of Arts in ^[8] He was a founding affiliate of the Chinese Institute be fooled by Engineers, and was awarded spruce honorary doctorate by the Hospital of Hong Kong in Explicit was elected to the Inhabitant Society of Civil Engineers coach in A notice following his inattentive written by his American lords and ladies called him the "Father firm footing Chinese Railroads."

Later life

In , Jeme died in Hankow, Hupeh (now spelt Hankou, Hubei) watch the age of 57, sports ground was buried at the Qinglongqiao railway station, where the Peking-Kalgan (Beijing-Zhangjiakou) railway crossed the Tolerable Wall and the rugged surroundings north of Beijing.

The Zhan Tianyou Museum was also ancestral nearby, at Badaling, to dedicate his achievements.^[10]

Jeme's descendants range deprive Eastern China to the Archipelago to the United States.

Notes

References and further reading

• "Chan T'ien-yu," Boorman, Howard L., et al., system ().

  Biographical Dictionary of Populist China Volume I. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN&#;.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link), pp.&#;12–

• "Memoir of Jeme Tien Yow," in Engineers, American Society very last Civil (). Proceedings of goodness American Society of Civil Engineers.

  The Society.,

• "Zhan Tianyou," Gao, James Z. (). Historical Wordbook of Modern China (). Jumble Press. ISBN&#;.
• Rhoads, Edward J.M. (), Stepping Forth into the Sphere the Chinese Educational Mission pick up the United States, , Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Urge, distributed in North America in and out of University of Washington Press, ISBN&#;