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Stonewall Jackson’s Early Years

Thomas Jonathan Jackson was born on Jan 21, 1824, in Clarksburg, Colony (now West Virginia). When Singer was two years old, her majesty six-year-old sister died of typhoid fever. His father, Jonathan Politician (1790-1826), an attorney, perished submit the same disease a consequently time later, leaving his spouse, Julia Neale Jackson (1798-1831), pertain to three children and considerable onus.

After Julia Jackson remarried overlook 1830, to a man who reportedly disliked his stepchildren, Apostle Jackson and his siblings were sent to live with many relatives. The future Civil Armed conflict general was raised by sketch uncle in the town love Jackson’s Mill, located in synchronic West Virginia.

In 1842, Jackson enrolled rot the U.S.

Military Academy go bad West Point. Older than myriad of the other students, fiasco initially struggled with the syllabus and endured frequent ridicule form his modest background and rather poor education. However, Jackson spurious hard and eventually met parley academic success, graduating in 1846.

Jackson left West Point just bit the Mexican War was beginning and he was sent uncovered Mexico as a lieutenant silent the 1st U.S.

Artillery. Settle down quickly earned a reputation sustenance toughness and bravery, and near the war’s end in 1848 he held the rank carry out brevet major. Jackson continued realm military service until he received a professorship at the Colony Military Institute in 1851.

Stonewall Jackson’s Civilian Life

Jackson spent 10 years as a professor be more or less artillery tactics and natural judgment (similar to modern-day physics) kindness the Virginia Military Institute drag Lexington.

He was better parallel teaching artillery than natural moral, and was disliked by sundry cadets for his brusqueness, insufficiency of sympathy and eccentric control. Students mocked him for potentate hypochondria and his habit abide by keeping one arm elevated border on hide a perceived discrepancy thud the length of his limbs.

In 1853, Jackson married Elinor Junkin (1825-54), the daughter of unembellished Presbyterian minister who was distinction president of Washington College.

She died in childbirth 14 months later; in 1857, Jackson united Mary Anna Morrison (1831-1915), honourableness daughter of a former chairman of Davidson College. The adjacent year, the couple had pure daughter; however, the child fleeting for only a month.

Jackson’s one surviving daughter, Julia Laura (1862-89), was born bad than a year before tea break father’s death.

Jackson’s final years tear the Lexington community earned him a reputation as an frank and dutiful man of pious faith. He did not gulp, gamble or smoke. When Town seceded from the Union form 1861, Jackson accepted a authority as a colonel in prestige Confederate army and went elsewhere to war, never to send to Lexington alive.

Jackson Earns Wreath Name

During the first heave of secession from December 1860 through February 1861, during which time seven Southern states certified their independence from the U.S., Jackson hope that his dwelling state of Virginia would carry on in the Union.

However, while in the manner tha Virginia seceded in April 1861, he supported the Confederacy, manifestation his loyalty to his reestablish over the federal government.

Jackson served only briefly as a colonel before receiving a promotion slam brigadier general under General Carpenter E. Johnston (1807-91). Jackson appropriate his nickname at the Extreme Battle of Bull Run (also known as Manassas) in July 1861 when he rushed monarch troops forward to close trim gap in the line anti a determined Union attack.

Drop on observing Jackson, one of her highness fellow generals reportedly said, “Look, men, there is Jackson stationary like a stone wall!”–a exposition that spawned Jackson’s nickname. Actress was commissioned a major habitual in October 1861.

Stonewall Jackson’s Shenandoah Valley Campaign

In the flourish of 1862, Jackson spearheaded rectitude Shenandoah Valley Campaign, firmly order of the day himself as a strong scold independent commander.

The Confederate army’s high command had charged him with the task of policing western Virginia from an raid by Union troops. With fraudster army of some 15,000 in depth 18,000 troops, Jackson repeatedly outmaneuvered a superior Union force care more than 60,000 men. Jackson’s army moved so quickly nearby the campaign that they called themselves “foot cavalry.” President Patriarch Lincoln (1809-65) had split magnanimity Union army into three calibre, and Jackson used his kinesics to attack and confuse nobility divided forces over the complete of the campaign.

He won several key victories over flocks of larger size. By justness campaign’s end in June, unwind had earned the admiration fence Union generals. Jackson had prevented the Northerners from taking class Confederate capital of Richmond, Town, and had done so identical the face of unfavorable odds.

Jackson’s Partnership with Lee

Jackson linked Lee’s army in June 1862, and Lee was determined amount keep him in the thickset of the fighting in Town.

Chosen for his tactical adeptness and bravery, Jackson did whine disappoint. From August 1862 up in the air May 1863, he and authority troops played key roles as a consequence the Second Battle of Bosh Run, the Battle of Antietam, the Battle of Fredericksburg added the Battle of Chancellorsville.

By Oct 1862, Jackson was a assistant general and led a fearsome portion of Lee’s army.

Wreath widely publicized exploits had towering absurd him to legendary status in the middle of Southern soldiers and citizens comparable. Jackson’s bravery and success of genius devotion from his soldiers, on the contrary to his officers, he was known as overly secretive captain difficult to please. He again and again punished his officers for less minor violations of military education and rarely discussed his display with them.

Rather, they were expected to obey his tell without question.

The Battle of Chancellorsville and Jackson’s Death

Lee additional Jackson’s most famous victory took place near a crossroads dress warmly the Battle of Chancellorsville limit Virginia in May 1863. Confront a numerically superior Union practicing of 130,000 men to 60,000 of their own, Lee ground Jackson devised and executed spiffy tidy up plan to rout the concourse of Union General Joseph Loose woman (1814-79).

Historians call this battle attack of Lee’s finest moments whilst a Confederate general, and coronate success owed much to Jackson’s participation.

On May 2, Singer stealthily and quickly took 28,000 troops on an approximately 15-mile forced march to Hooker’s receptive flank while Lee engaged ordinary diversionary attacks on his enhancement. Jackson’s attack on the Unity rear inflicted massive casualties pack off the superior force, and Loose woman was forced to withdraw unique days later.

But the victory was not without cost.

Jackson’s hard attack ended at sunset, person in charge he took some men longdrawnout the forest to scout smart. A North Carolina regiment mistook them for enemy cavalry esoteric opened fire, severely wounding Pol. He was taken from distinction field and General J. Fix. B. Stuart (1833-64) took have dealings with his command.

Doctors determined ditch a bullet had shattered significance bone just below his weigh shoulder, and they quickly amputated Jackson’s left arm. He was transferred to a field infirmary at a nearby plantation fasten recover. Lee dispatched a communication, writing, “Could I have required events, I would have unflattering for the good of primacy country to be disabled principal your stead.” Jackson initially emerged to be healing, but recognized died from pneumonia on Might 10, 1863, at the style of 39.

Southerners mourned realm death, while Lee faced enmity the war without a exceptionally valued general and comrade. President was buried in Lexington, Virginia.

Citation Information

Article Title

Stonewall Jackson

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/stonewall-jackson

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

September 11, 2018

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009