Narmadashankar dave biography graphic organizer

Indian Gujarati-language author, poet, scholar topmost public speaker

Narmadashankar Lalshankar Dave
Narmad in 1860 (wood drawing for his publication, after draw in oil painting)
Born	(1833-08-24)24 August 1833 Surat, Baroda state
Died	26 February 1886(1886-02-26) (aged 52) Bombay, Bombay presidency, British India (now Mumbai)
Pen name	Narmad
Occupation	Poet playwright essayist lexicographer reformer
Spouse	Gulab ​ (m. 1844⁠–⁠1853)​ Dahigauri ​ (m. 1856⁠–⁠1886)​ Subhadra (Narmadagauri) ​ ​ (m. 1869⁠–⁠1886)​
Children	Jayshankar (1870-1910)
Narmad

Narmadashankar Lalshankar Dave (pronounced[nər.mə.d̪aːʃəŋ.kərlabh.ʃəŋ.kərd̪ə.ʋe]) (24 Honourable 1833 – 26 February 1886), popularly known as Narmad, was an Indian Gujarati-language poet, scriptwriter, essayist, orator, lexicographer and campaigner under the British Raj.

Recognized is considered to be distinction founder of modern Gujarati literature.^[1] After studying in Bombay, powder stopped serving as a professor to live by writing. Not later than his prolific career, he external many literary forms in Sanskrit. He faced economic struggles on the other hand proved himself as a devoted reformer, speaking loudly against god-fearing and social orthodoxy.

His essays, poems, plays and prose were published in several collections. Fulfil Mari Hakikat, the first diary in Gujarati,^[A] was published posthumously.^[B] His poem Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat is now the refurbish anthem of Gujarat state elect India.^[4][5]

Early life

Narmad was born dwell in Surat, Gujarat on 24 Sedate 1833 to Lalshankar and Navdurga in a Nagar Brahmin family.^[6][7] His family home in Amliran, Surat was destroyed in picture great fire of 1837 on the other hand was later rebuilt.

He commenced schooling with Nana Mehta addition Bhuleshwar, Bombay at age quint. He later joined Fakir Mehta and Ichchha Mehta's school throw in Surat and moved to Bombay where he attended the Decide Gujarati school of Balgovind Mehta at Pydhonie. He returned relate to Surat where he attended primacy school of Durgaram Mehta advocate Pranshankar Mehta.

He was initiated in Upanayan at age insert. He started studying at nobility English School, Elphinstone Institute, Bombay on 6 January 1845, duplicate college in June 1850. Do something delivered his first public language Mandali Malvathi Thata Labh (The Advantages of Forming An Association) that same year.^[8] His spread died on 23 November 1850 and he left college.^[3][1][9]

Career

He was appointed a teacher at prestige school of Rander on 1 May 1851.

He again recited his early essay in Swadesh Hitechchhu Mandali and started Gyansagar magazine in July 1851. Fiasco was transferred to a institute in Nanpara in March 1853. After the death of climax wife Gulab, he left that position and went to Bombay, in January 1854. He common to college on the plan of his friend Jhaverilal Umiyashankar and joined Buddhi Vardhak Sabha, a literary group in June 1854.

He started learning Siddhant Kaumudi.

He became interested go to see poetry and started writing grip September 1855, studying literary beat over the following year. Perform presided over Buddhivardhak Granth evacuate March to December 1856.^[9] End his second marriage, he leftist college in August 1856, longhand Pingal Pravesh in February 1857 and dedicating it to climax father.

He joined Gokuldas Tejpal Vidyalaya as a teacher captain began studying Sanskrit literary complex such as Laghu kaumudi, Chandralok, Nrisimhachampu, Kavyachampu, Prataprudra, Adhyatma Ramayana. He started at Central College as a teacher in Feb 1858, then resigned in Nov 1858 after deciding to chase a literary career.^[1][9]

He studied Indic grammar and poetry in Pune from November 1858 to Pace 1859.

Deciding to study for one`s part he returned to Bombay make known March, where he met Dalpatram, a reformist Gujarati poet, make June 1859, and became interested in reform activities.

His better half Dahigauri returned to her parents' home. In 1860, he confidential discussed widow remarriage with pious leader Jadunathji Maharaj, which unhappy to him becoming involved fumble the Maharaj Libel Case honourableness next year.^[10][11] The case was filed by Jadunathji against author Karsandas Mulji after the correspondent published an article alleging procreative exploitation of women in emperor religious sect.

He visited Money Tax Commissioner Curtis regarding adroit surcharge on 3 February 1863. With the help of south african private limited company, he started a biweekly memoir called Dandiyo (lit. A membranophone stick), modelled after British paper The Spectator, in September 1864. It was loudly reformist uncover its stand and attacked understood customs of Hindu society.^[12] Animate ran until 1869 when drop in was merged with The Chaste Review.^[C][13][14] On 18 January 1864, his father died, aged 56.

He moved back to Surat in July 1865 and comfortable Savitagauri, a widow, in cool neighbouring house. He published Narmagadya in September 1865. He was banished from his caste overthrow to reform activities on 18 August but reinstated on 21 November 1866. The same harvest, he wrote his autobiographical make a hole, Mari Hakikat, the first life in Gujarati.

He published Nayikavishaypravesh and Uttam Nayika dedicated indifference his then separated wife, Dahigauri. In early 1867, he available Narmakavita, a poetry collection. Loosen up had debts of 10,000 cruise caused him great concern. Do something married again in 1869. Fiasco published summaries of Ramayana, Mahabharata and Iliad in 1870.

Blooper published the school version many Narmagadya in 1874 and nobleness edition for the government form 1875.^[9]

He moved back again cue Bombay in March 1875, turn he met Dayanand Saraswati, spiffy tidy up reformist and founder of Arya Samaj, and started to develop deeply religious.

He published ethics first dictionary of Gujarati slang in March 1876.^[9][14] He supported Vedsarasvati in Sarasvatimandir of Surat on 16 April 1877.

Aryanitidarshak Mandali performed his play Draupadi-Darshan in 1878. By 1880 put your feet up had become fully "believer" station performed Upanayana for his jew that year.

He wrote smashing play, Shri Sarshakuntal in 1881 which was performed. He in print a translation of Bhagvad Gita in 1882. Although unhappy trouble breaking a resolve not say you will work for other people, sand was forced due to pecuniary difficulties into taking a offer as a secretary to Gokuldas Tejpal Dharmakhata. He wrote ingenious play, Shri Balkrishnavijay in 1883.

His health failing due tutorial the stress of work play a hostel, he left consummate job on 19 July 1885. After a prolonged eight-month rumpus, he died of arthritis method 26 February 1886 in Bombay.^{[9][15][16][17][18][19]}

Works

Main article: Works of Narmadashankar Dave

Narmad is considered to be integrity founder of modern Gujarati scholarship.

He introduced many creative forms of writing to the Sanskrit language, including pioneering works central part autobiography, poetry, lexicography, historical plays and folk literature research. Good taste was an outspoken journalist opinion pamphleteer. Narmad was a stiff opponent of religious fanaticism status orthodoxy.

He promoted nationalism prep added to patriotism with famous songs much as Sahu Chalo Jeetva Jang, wrote about self-government and liable to suffer having one national language, Hindi, for all of India, approximately five decades before Mahatma Solon or Nehru. His poem Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat, written coop up the preface of Narmakosh, recorded with a sense of satisfied all the cultural symbols delay go into constituting the Sanskrit identity.

These symbols included possessions non-Hindu, implying that Gujarat belongs to all the castes, communities, races, religions and sects ramble live together there. The song is now de facto ensconce song of Gujarat. Mahatma Solon acknowledged him for his judgment of nonviolence.^{[14][15][16][17][18][19]}

His major collected deeds are Narmagadya (Gujarati: નર્મગદ્ય), put in safekeeping of prose; Narmakavita (Gujarati: નર્મકવિતા), collection of poems; Narmakathakosh (Gujarati: નર્મકથાકોશ), collection of stories returns characters of mythological literature cope with Narmakosh (Gujarati: નર્મકોશ), dictionary.

Consummate Mari Hakikat, the first experiences in Gujarati, was published posthumously.^[19]

Poetry

His volumes of Narmakavita:1-3 (1858), Narmakavita:4-8 (1859) and Narmakavita:9-10 (1860) were collected into Narmakavita:Book 1 (1862). Later Narmakavita:Book 2 (1863) was published.

All his poetry was later collected together in Narmakavita (1864).^[1] He introduced new subjects in modern Gujarati poetry much as social reform, freedom, nationalism, nature and love, etc.^[20]

His rime, "Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat" (1873), is used as a in the course of facto state song for Gujarat.^[21]

Prose

His Rasapravesh (1858), Pingalpravesh (1857), Alankarpravesh (1858), Narmavyakaran Part I other II (1865), Varnavichar (1865), Nayika Vishaypravesh (1866) are his collections of essays on poetics fretfulness historical importance.^[1]

Rituvarnan (1861), Hinduoni Padati (1864), Kavicharit (1865), Suratni Mukhtesar Hakikat (1865), Iliadno Sar (1870), Mahipatram Rupram Mehta (1870), Mahapurushona Charitra (1870), Mahabharatano Sar (1870), Ramayanano Sar (1870), Sarshakuntal (1881), Bhagvadgitanu Bhashantar (1882) are climax prose works.

His other propaganda between 1850 and 1865 impassive in Narmagadya (1865) and posthumously published Narmagadya-2 (1936) are authority other prose works.^[1]

His essays be cautious about collected and edited in twosome volumes. They are Narmadgadya be Narmadashankar Lalashankarna Gadyatmak Granthono Sangrah (1875) edited by Mahipatram Rupram Nilkanth, Narmadnu Mandir-Gadya Vibhag (1937) edited by Vishwanath Bhatt opinion Narmadgadya (1975) edited by Gambhirsinh Gohil.

His fifteen prose make a face were collected in Junu Narmadgadya Part I, II (1865, 1874) and are also important.^[1]

He difficult researched and edited several scowl. Manohar Swami's Manhar Pad (1860), Narmakosh: Issue 1 (1861), Narmakosh: Issue 2 (1862), Narmakosh:Issue 3 (1864), Narmakosh:Issue 4 (1865).

Narmakathakosh (1870), Dayaramkrut Kavyasangrah (1865), Stree Geet Sangrah (1870) of songs popular in Nagar Brahmin squirearchy, Premanand's Dashamskandh (1872) and honesty complete issue of Narmakosh (1873) are his edited and researched works.^[1]

Tusli Vaidhvyachitra (dialogue, 1859), Ramjanaki Darshan (1876), Draupadidarshan (1878), Balkrishnavijay (1886), Krishnakumari are plays tube dialogues.

His Seetaharan (1878) was a previously unpublished play. Rajyarang Part I, II (1874, 1876) are his works on senile and modern world history. Dharmavichar is his work on idea. Gujarat Sarvasangrah (1887) and Kathiawar Sarvasangrah (1887) are also authentic works.^[1]

Mari Hakikat, his autobiography inscribed in 1866 and published posthumously in 1933, is the foremost autobiography written in Gujarati.

Circlet notes and letters were posterior published as Uttar Narmad Charitra (1939).^[3][1][9]

Adaptations

Narmad:Mari Hakikat or Narmad:My Life, a critically acclaimed^[22]soliloquy based trumpedup story his writings and life, was written and directed by Harish Trivedi and performed by Chandrakant Shah.

It premiered in Metropolis, Ohio, US in 1995 lecture later toured India, the UK and France.^[23][22]Chandravadan Mehta wrote cool play based on his life.^[24]

Honours

Narmad has been called Arvachino Mess Adya (Earliest Among the Moderns).^[25] His house, Saraswati Mandir, has been restored and converted goslow museum.^[26] Several places in State were named after him, much as Central Library in Surat.

Busts of him have back number erected in Ahmedabad, Vadodara current Surat.

Donna tartt bio

In 2004, South Gujarat Practice was renamed Veer Narmad Southeast Gujarat University in his memory.^[21] A replica of his platform is also constructed in rendering university campus.^[27] The literary label Narmad Suvarna Chandrak has antediluvian yearly awarded by Narmad Sahitya Sabha, Surat since 1940.

Adroit special cover was released get ahead of India Post on his Ordinal birth anniversary in 2008.^[28]

Personal life

He married Gulab, daughter of Surajram Shastri of Sudder Court, Surat, on 29 April 1844. She gave a birth to wench in 1852 who died 15 days later. Gulab herself dreary on 5 October 1853 people a stillbirth.

In May 1856, he married Dahigauri, daughter succeed Tripuranand Shastri; she separated steer clear of him in 1860. He one Subhadra (later Narmadagauri), a woman of his caste, in 1869, breaking the customary taboo destroy widow remarriage. She gave inception to their son Jayshankar footpath 1870. Jayshankar worked as a-one clerk for Bombay Municipality, distinguished never married, dying on 31 March 1910 of the plague.^[9]

Contest with Dalpatram

Just at the at the double when Narmad was emerging befall celebrity (1859), Dalpatram who esoteric already won his laurels, in the event to visit Bombay for use convention of his eyes.

Lovers forfeit Gujarati poetry, they met count up, and in the poetical war that took place, naturally they warmed up and their encounter took sides as to who was the better poet. Blue blood the gentry result was a lifelong antagonization between the two. The gallop was continued in the pioneer papers and a humorous finding. The Parsi Punch, a broadsheet, published a cartoon, in which they were represented as scrap each other with the top-knot of the hair of their heads in their hands.^[29]

Gallery

See also

Notes

References

External links