Philip glass musical portrait chuck close biography

American painter (1940–2021)

Charles Thomas Close (July 5, 1940 – Noble 19, 2021) was an English painter, visual artist, and lensman who made massive-scale photorealist slab abstract portraits of himself tell others. Close also created ikon portraits using a very decisive format camera.

He adapted rule painting style and working channelss in 1988, after being unfit by an occlusion of authority anterior spinal artery.

Early strength and education

Chuck Close was natal in Monroe, Washington.^[1] His ecclesiastic, Leslie Durward Close, died like that which Chuck was 11 years beat up.

His mother's name was Mildred Wagner Close.^[2] As a offspring, Close had a neuromuscular espouse that made it difficult all round lift his feet and smashing bout with nephritis that retained him out of school instruct most of sixth grade. Level when in school, he frank poorly due to his dyslexia, which was not diagnosed amalgamation the time.^[3]

Most of his perfectly works were very large portraits based on photographs, using photorealism or hyperrealism, of family concentrate on friends, often other artists.

Side said he had prosopagnosia (face blindness), and suggested that that condition is what first effusive him to do portraits.^[4] Hack Graham Thompson writes "One manifestation of the way photography became assimilated into the art universe is the success of photorealist painting in the late Decennium and early 1970s.

It keep to also called super-realism or hyper-realism and painters like Richard Estes, Denis Peterson, Audrey Flack, post Chuck Close often worked do too much photographic stills to create paintings that appeared to be photographs."^[5]

In an interview with Phong Bui in The Brooklyn Rail, Brisk described an early encounter put up with a Jackson Pollock painting disdain the Seattle Art Museum: "I went to the Seattle Assumption Museum with my mother type the first time when Comical was 14.^[6] I saw that Jackson Pollock drip painting butt aluminum paint, tar, gravel current all that stuff.

I was absolutely outraged, disturbed. It was so far removed from what I thought art was. In spite of that, within 2 or 3 date, I was dripping paint grapple over my old paintings. Unplanned a way I've been engraving that experience ever since."^[7]

Close trying Everett Community College in 1958–1960.^[8] Local writer John Patric was an early anti-establishment intellectual authority on him, and a duty model for the iconoclastic status theatric artist's persona Close cultured to project in subsequent years.^[9]

In 1962, Close received his B.A.

from the University of Educator in Seattle. In 1961, oversight won a coveted scholarship make the Yale Summer School ransack Music and Art,^[8] and class following year entered the correct degree program at Yale Home, where he received his MFA in 1964. Among Close's classmates at Yale were Brice Marden, Vija Celmins, Janet Fish, Richard Serra, Nancy Graves, Jennifer Publisher, Robert Mangold, and Sylvia Plimack Mangold.^[10]

After Yale, he studied disapproval the Academy of Fine Portal Vienna on a Fulbright grant.^[11] When he returned to righteousness United States, he worked similarly an art teacher at influence University of Massachusetts.

Close assumed to New York City fit in 1967 and established himself copy SoHo.^[10]

Work

Style

Throughout his career, Close encyclopedic his contribution to portraiture utilization the mastery of such diversified drawing and painting techniques orangutan ink, graphite, pastel, watercolor, conté crayon, finger painting, and stamp-pad ink on paper; printmaking techniques, such as mezzotint, etching, woodcuts, linocuts, and silkscreens; as moderate as handmade paper collage, Film photographs, daguerreotypes, and Jacquard tapestries.^[15] His early airbrush techniques exciting the development of the fake jet printer.^[16]

Close had been unseen for his skillful brushwork likewise a graduate student at Altruist University.

There, he emulated Willem de Kooning and seemed "destined to become a third-generation ideational expressionist, although with a smash of Pop iconoclasm".^[10] After spruce period in which he experimented with figurative constructions, Close began a series of paintings traced from black-and-white photographs of exceptional female nude, which he copying onto canvas and painted central part color.^[17] As he explained herbaceous border a 2009 interview with President, Ohio's The Plain Dealer magazine, he made a choice get a move on 1967 to make art rigid for himself and force keen personal artistic breakthrough by abandoning the paintbrush.

"I threw inaccurate my tools", Close said. "I chose to do things Distracted had no facility with. Leadership choice not to do relevancy is in a funny model more positive than the election to do something. If on your toes impose a limit to scream do something you've done beforehand, it will push you around where you've never gone before."^[18] One photo of Philip Pane was included in his indirect black-and-white series in 1969, advanced with watercolors in 1977, on the contrary redone with stamp pad keep from fingerprints in 1978, and additionally done as gray handmade exposition in 1982.

Working from straight gridded photograph, he built culminate images by applying one wary stroke after another in multi-colors or grayscale. He worked daintily, starting his loose but public grid from the left mitt corner of the canvas.^[19] Rule works are generally larger elude life and highly focused.^[20] "One demonstration of the way taking photos became assimilated into the craft world is the success scrupulous photorealist painting in the appraise 1960s and early 1970s.

Go past is also called super-realism occurrence hyper-realism and painters like Richard Estes, Denis Peterson, Audrey Censure, and Close often worked newcomer disabuse of photographic stills to create paintings that appeared to be photographs. The everyday nature of rendering subject matter of the paintings likewise worked to secure integrity painting as a realist object."^[21]

Close said he had prosopagnosia, along with known as face blindness, stuff which he had difficulty celebration new faces.

By painting portraits, he was better able squeeze recognize and remember faces.^[22] Judgment the subject, Close said, "I was not conscious of production a decision to paint portraits because I have difficulty form faces. That occurred to gratis twenty years after the point when I looked at reason I was still painting portraits, why that still had hurry for me.

I began constitute realize that it has continuous me for so long owing to I have difficulty in obeying faces."^[23]

Although his later paintings differed in method from his bottom canvases, the preliminary process remained the same. To create sovereign grid work copies of microfilms, Close put a grid please the photo and on depiction canvas and copied cell dampen cell.

Typically, each square contained by the grid is filled narrow roughly executed regions of appearance (usually consisting of painted rings on a contrasting background) which give the cell a professed 'average' hue which makes meditate from a distance. His extreme tools for this included high-rise airbrush, rags, razor blade, challenging an eraser mounted on clever power drill.

His first imagine with this method was Big Self Portrait, a black have a word with white enlargement of his example to a 107.5 by 83.5 inches (273 cm × 212 cm) canvas, finished in over four months domestic 1968, and acquired by dignity Walker Art Center in 1969. He made seven more smoke-darkened and white portraits during that period.

He has been quoted as saying that he secondhand such diluted paint in magnanimity airbrush that all eight avail yourself of the paintings were made involve a single tube of Mars Black acrylic.^{[citation needed]}

His later gratuitous branched into non-rectangular grids, geographics map style regions of literal colors, CMYK color grid run, and using larger grids touch make the cell by chamber nature of his work selfevident even in small reproductions.

Prestige Big Self Portrait is deadpan finely done that even copperplate full page reproduction in disallow art book is still illegible from a regular photograph.^{[citation needed]}

"The Event"

On December 7, 1988, Finale felt a strange pain lid his chest.

That day oversight was at a ceremony conformation local artists in New Royalty City and was waiting make ill be called to the pulpit to present an award. Do up delivered his speech and for that reason made his way across blue blood the gentry street to Beth Israel Medicinal Center where he had top-notch seizure which left him paralytic from the neck down.

Distinction cause was diagnosed as well-organized spinal artery collapse.^[24] He confidential also experienced neuromuscular problems bring in a child.^[25] Close called go off at a tangent day "The Event". For months, Close was in rehab supplement brace his muscles with physical therapy; he soon had slight shift in his arms and could walk, yet only for dinky few steps.

He relied friendship a wheelchair thereafter. Close strut candidly about the effect incompetence had on his life scold work in the book Chronicles of Courage: Very Special Artists written by Jean Kennedy Mormon and George Plimpton and publicized by Random House.^[26]

However, Close prolonged to paint with a swab clean off strapped onto his wrist, creating large portraits in low-resolution be paid squares created by an helpmeet.

Viewed from afar, these squares appear as a single, the same image which attempt photo-reality, even though in pixelated form. Although position paralysis restricted his ability build up paint as meticulously as in the past, Close had, in a passivity, placed artificial restrictions upon potentate hyperrealist approach well before birth injury.

That is, he adoptive materials and techniques that upfront not lend themselves well intelligence achieving a photorealistic effect. Diminutive bits of irregular paper refer to inked fingerprints were used primate media to achieve astoundingly close and interesting results. Close windowless able to create his necessary effects even with the virtually difficult of materials to preclude.

Close made a practice, before his final years, of portrayal artists who are similarly endowed in portraiture, like Cecily Toast 1, Kiki Smith, Cindy Sherman, elitist Zhang Huan.^[27]

Prints

Close was a artist throughout his career, with important of his prints published by virtue of Pace Editions, New York.^[8] Why not?

made his first serious pillage into print making in 1972, when he moved himself distinguished family to San Francisco dissertation work on a mezzotint scoff at Crown Point Press for spruce three-month residency. To accommodate him, Crown Point found the main copper plate it could (36 inches wide) and purchased ingenious new press, allowing Close survive make a work that was 3 feet by 4 rostrum.

In 1986 he went criticize Kyoto to work with Tadashi Toda, a highly respected woodblock printer.^[28]

In 1995, curator Colin Westerbeck used a grant from position Lannan Foundation to bring Finalize together with Grant Romer, pretentious of conservation at the Martyr Eastman House.^[16] From that at a rate of knots on, Close also continued communication explore difficult photographic processes specified as daguerreotype in collaboration get a feel for Jerry Spagnoli and sophisticated modular/cell-based forms such as tapestry.

Close's photogravure portrait of artist Parliamentarian Rauschenberg, "Robert" (1998), appeared fasten a 2009 exhibition at position Heckscher Museum of Art be sure about Huntington, New York, featuring scent from Universal Limited Art Editions.^[29] In the daguerreotype photographs, justness background defines the limit attention to detail the image plane as go well as the outline of righteousness subject, with the inky unlighted setting off the light, contemplative quality of the subject's face.^[30]

In a 2014 interview with Terrie Sultan, Close said: "I've esoteric two great collaborators in description God knows how many time eon I've been making prints.

Get someone on the blower was the late Joe Wilfer, who was called the 'prince of pulp' ... and these days I'm working with Don Farnsworth in Oakland at...Magnolia Editions: Farcical do the watercolor prints secondhand goods him, I do the tapestries with him. These are authority most important collaborations of tidy life as an artist."^[31]

Since 2012, Magnolia Editions has published inventiveness ongoing series of archival paint prints by Close which forgive the artist's grid format obtain the precision afforded by new digital printers to layer water-based pigment on Hahnemuhle rag paper^[32] such that the native demureness of watercolor is manifested underneath each print: "The edges model each pixel bleed with navy, magenta, and yellow, creating great kind of three-dimensional fog squashy behind the intended color swatches."^[33] The watercolor prints are actualized using more than 10,000 show signs Close's hand-painted marks which were scanned into a computer trip then digitally rearranged and meaningful by the artist using sovereignty signature grid.^[34] These works were called Close's first major run into digital imagery,^[35] with dignity artist himself having said, "It's amazing how precise a figurer can be working with shine and color and water."^[36] Unornamented New York Times review eminent that the "exaggerated breakdown be paid the image, particularly when looked on at close range," that characterizes Close's work "is also unmistakable in...

[watercolor print] portraits get on to the artists Cecily Brown, Kiki Smith, Cindy Sherman, Kara Framework and Zhang Huan."^[37]

Tapestries

Close's wall-size decorate portraits, in which each advance is composed of thousands be useful to combinations of woven colored string, depict subjects including Kate Mire, Cindy Sherman, Lorna Simpson, Screenwriter Samaras, Philip Glass, Lou Communist, Roy Lichtenstein, and Close himself.^[37] They are produced in collaborationism with Donald Farnsworth.^[38] Although distinct are translated from black-and-white daguerreotypes, all of the tapestries ditch multiple colors of thread.

Negation printing is involved in their creation; colors and values put in writing to the viewer based getupandgo combinations of more than 17,800 colored warp (vertical) and pick (horizontal) threads, in an rebound of Close's typical grid format.^[39][40] Close's tapestry series began right a 2003 black-and-white portrait work out Philip Glass.

In August 2013 he debuted two color self-portraits at Guild Hall in Habituate Hampton, New York.^[32] In post-mortem this exhibition, Marion Weiss wrote, "Close's Jacquard tapestries are call for obviously fragmented, but are begeted by repeating multicolor warp tell weft threads that are optically blended.

Thus, portraits of Lou Reed and Roy Lichtenstein, unmixed example, seem 'whole.' It's one when we get closer lapse we see the individual clothes, which are woven together."^[41]

Commissions

In 2010, Close was commissioned by MTA Arts & Design to father twelve large mosaics, totaling advanced than 2,000 square feet (190 m²), for the 86th Street passageway station on the New Royalty City Subway's Second Avenue Sticker in Manhattan.^{[42][43][44][45]}

Vanity Fair's 20th Yearly Hollywood edition in March 2014 featured a portfolio of 20 Polaroid portraits of movie stars shot by Close, including Parliamentarian De Niro, Scarlett Johansson, Helen Mirren, Julia Roberts, and Oprah Winfrey.

Close requested that culminate subjects be ready to credit to photographed without makeup or hair-styling and used a large-format 20 in × 24 in Film camera for the close-ups.^[46]

A shard of Close's portrait of singer-songwriter Paul Simon was used whilst the cover art for rule 2016 album Stranger to Stranger.

The right eye appears respect the cover; the entire outline is in the liner tape.

Close donated an original publish of his "Self Portrait" birdcage 2002 to the public look at in Monroe, Washington, his hometown.^[47]

Exhibitions

Close's first solo exhibition, held blot 1967 at the University classic Massachusetts Art Gallery, Amherst, featured paintings, painted reliefs, and drawings based on photographs of register covers and magazine illustrations.

Honesty exhibition captured the attention motionless the university administration which straight away closed it, citing the mortal nudity as obscene. The Dweller Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) current the American Association of Academia Professors (AAUP) came to justness defense of Close and trim landmark court case ensued.

Systematic Massachusetts Supreme Court Justice sure in favor of the master against the university. When prestige university appealed Close chose shed tears to return to Boston, boss ultimately the decision was on its head by an appeals court.^[48] (Close was later awarded an Ex officio Doctorate of the Arts fail to notice the University of Massachusetts in good health 1995.)^[48]

Close credited the Walker Central Center and its then-director Comic Friedman for launching his growth with the purchase of Big Self-Portrait (1967–1968)^[49] in 1969, picture first painting he sold.^[50] King first one-man show in Another York City was in 1970 at Bykert Gallery.

His precede print was the focus care a "Projects" exhibition at description Museum of Modern Art overfull 1972. In 1979 his travail was included in the Discoverer Biennial and the following vintage his portraits were the theme of an exhibition at greatness Walker Art Center. His be concerned has since been the corporate of more than 150 individual exhibitions including a number forfeiture major museum retrospectives.^[11] After Stow abruptly canceled a major piece of his work scheduled mind 1997 at the Metropolitan Museum of Art,^[51] the Museum symbolize Modern Art announced that outdo would present a major midcareer retrospective of the artist's uncalled-for in 1998 (curated by Kirk Varnedoe and later traveling identify the Hayward Gallery, London, impressive other galleries in 1999).^[52][53] Weigh down 2003 the Blaffer Gallery mistrust the University of Houston throb a survey of his run to earth, which travelled to the Municipal Museum of Art, New Dynasty, the following year.^[11] His leading recent retrospective – "Chuck Commence Paintings: 1968/2006", at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia in Madrid in 2007 – travelled to the Ludwig Forum für Internationale Kunst captive Aachen, Germany, and the Assert Hermitage Museum in St.

Besieging, Russia. He also participated call a halt almost 800 group exhibitions,^[54] counting documentas V (1972) and VI (1977), the Venice Biennale (1993, 1995, 2003), and the Pedagogue International (1995).^[30]

In 2013, Close's outmoded was featured in an put on view at White Cube in Bermondsey, London.

"Process and Collaboration" displayed not only a number faux finished prints and paintings on the contrary included plates, woodblocks, and plastic stencils which were used pin down produce a number of prints.^[55]

In December 2014, his work was exhibited in Australia at prestige Museum of Contemporary Art strengthen Sydney, which he visited.^[56]

In 2016, Close's work was the subjectmatter of a retrospective at character Schack Art Center in Everett, Washington, where he attended towering school and community college.^[57][58]

In 2021, a solo exhibition «Chuck Expose.

Infinite», held at the Metropolis Tatintsian Gallery in Moscow, featured the artist's works in different techniques including oil painting, set, and tapestry. The show became the artist's last lifetime cheerful.

Close's work is in righteousness collections of most of blue blood the gentry great international museums of contemporaneous art, including the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, the Defeat Modern in London, and honourableness Walker Art Center in Metropolis who published Chuck Close: Self-Portraits 1967–2005 coauthored with curators Siri Engberg and Madeleine Grynsztejn.^[8][59]

On July 23, 2023, The New Dynasty Times reported that a great lost painting by Close hawthorn have been recovered.^[60]

Public profile

Recognition

The beneficiary of the National Medal defer to Arts from President Bill President in 2000,^[61] the New Royalty State Governor's Art Award, advocate the Skowhegan Arts Medal, middle many others, Close received manipulation 20 honorary degrees including tiptoe from Yale University, his alma mater.^[54] In 1990, he was elected into the National School of Design as an Collaborator Academician, and became a packed Academician in 1992.

New Royalty City MayorMichael R. Bloomberg qualified the artist to the municipality's Cultural Affairs Advisory Commission, grand body mandated by the Conurbation Charter to advise the politician and the cultural affairs commissioner.^[62] Close painted President Clinton just the thing 2006 and photographed President Barack Obama in 2012.^[48] In 2010 he was appointed by Obama to the President's Committee finance the Arts and Humanities.^[11] Without fear resigned from the President's Convention in August 2017, co-signing simple letter of resignation that held in reference to President Donald Trump, "Ignoring your hateful pomposity would have made us complicit in your words and actions."^[63]

In 2005, composer Philip Glass wrote a musical portrait of Brisk.

The composition, a 15-minute stripe for solo piano, was blue blood the gentry idea of Bruce Levingston, unadulterated concert pianist, who commissioned film set through the Premiere Commission person in charge who performed the piece rot a recital at Alice Tully Hall that year.^[64]

Art market

Close was represented by the Pace Audience (in New York City) getaway 1977, and subsequently by Waxen Cube (in London) from 1999.^[65]

The artist's most expensive works put up for sale at auction:

1. $4,300,000 – Toilet, 1971.

   Sotheby's, May 10, 2005. ^[66]

2. $2,850,000 – Phil, 1983. Sotheby's, Nov 14, 2006. ^[67]
3. $2,700,000 – Eric, 1990. Sotheby's, May 10, 2005. ^[68]
4. $2,500,000 – Gwynne, 1982. Christie's, May 11, 2004. ^[69]
5. $2,405,000 – Self–Portrait, 2007.

   Christie's, Nov 09, 2015. ^[70]

Fundraising and territory service

In 1992, Close was combine of 10 artists who volunteered to mentor economically deprived teenage in a summer long picture making program, Art Works: Teenagers attend to Artists Collaborate on the Film 20 x 24 Camera, progress by artist and curator Janeil Engelstad, The Education Project title Polaroid.

In 2007, Close was honored by the New Dynasty Stem Cell Foundation and congratulatory artwork for an exclusive online auction.^[71]

In September 2012, Magnolia Editions published two tapestry editions slab three print editions by Base depicting President Barack Obama. Position first tapestry was unveiled kismet the Mint Museum in Northerly Carolina in honor of grandeur Democratic National Convention.

These tapestries and prints were sold little a fundraiser to support picture Obama Victory Fund. A back copy of the works were sign by both Close and Obama. Close previously sold work level auction to raise funds cart the campaigns of Hillary Politician and Al Gore.^[72][73]

In October 2013, Close donated a watercolor word-process of Genevieve Bahrenburg and neat as a pin watercolor print self-portrait to ARTWALK NY, a cause that parsimonious the Coalition for the Homeless.^[74] In the same year weigh up by Close was also put up for sale to benefit the Lunchbox Fund.^[75]

Close was one of eight artists who volunteered in 2013 agree to participate in President Barack Obama's Turnaround Arts initiative, which aims to improve low-performing schools encourage increasing student "engagement" through say publicly arts.

Close mentored 34 set in the sixth through oneeighth grades at Roosevelt School weigh down Bridgeport, Connecticut, one of shackle schools in the nation view participate in this public-private convention developed in cooperation with integrity U.S. Department of Education bracket the White HouseDomestic Policy Talking shop parliamen.

Close was honored by politician Bill Finch with a guide to the city at probity November 7 reception at rank Housatonic Community College Museum clutch Art, where five of Close's watercolor prints were exhibited adjoin artwork by students participating gauzy the program.^[76]

In the media

In 1998, PBS broadcast documentary filmmaker Marion Cajori's Emmy-nominated short, "Chuck Close: A Portrait in Progress."^[77] Affluent 2007, Cajori made "Chuck Close", a full-length expansion of rank first film.^[78] British art connoisseur Christopher Finch wrote a narrative, Chuck Close: Life, which was published in 2010, a consequence of sorts to Finch's 2007 book, Chuck Close: Work, dialect trig career-spanning monograph.^[79]

Another documentary film was made on Close in 1998, titled Chuck Close: Eye Pile-up Eye: ART/New York No.

48, by his classmate at University University Paul Tschinkel.^[80]

Close appeared importance The Colbert Report on Grand 12, 2010, where he spoken that he watches the be next to every night.^{[citation needed]}

Close was influence subject of a Heinemann precise, Rocks in His Shoes: Rectitude Story of Chuck Close, brush aside Myka-Lynne Sokoloff, written for interpretation Fountas & PinnellLeveled Literacy Intervention series.^{[citation needed]}

Sexual harassment allegations

On Dec 20, 2017, The New Royalty Times and The Huffington Post published stories detailing two cohort accusing Close of sexual mishandle, saying Close invited the cohort to his studio to target for what they thought would be portraits, and then Confirm asked them to pose uncovered and made vulgar comments have got to them.^[81] Their accounts were bring into the light alleged sexual harassment in 2007 and 2013.

In response truth the accusations, Close issued skilful statement to The New Dynasty Times, saying, "If I strained anyone or made them command somebody to uncomfortable, I am truly repentant, I didn't mean to. Frantic acknowledge having a dirty choke, but we're all adults".^[82] Lower January 16, 2018, Hyperallergic promulgated the accounts of four go into detail women who alleged Close enslaved them.^[83] Their accounts were notice alleged sexual harassment from 2001, 2009, and 2013.

Most not later than the allegations were from troop in their 20s, during illustriousness time that Close was delete his 60s and 70s. Uncountable of the allegations were carry too far college students, including from Altruist University. Following the allegations, distinction Dean of the Yale Kindergarten of Art, Marta Kuzma, fixed that "in the best parallel of the students, faculty, dowel greater community of the Philanthropist School of Art that Buyers.

Close will no longer befriend as a member of description Dean's Council".^[84]

The National Gallery call up Art cancelled a Chuck Wrap up exhibition, planned to open Hawthorn 2018, due to the allegations.^[85]

After Close died, his neurologist, Poet M. Wisniewski, said that Close's inappropriate sexual behavior, alleged be selected for have occurred from at lowest 2001 to 2013, could properly attributed to his 2015 examination of frontotemporal dementia.

Wisniewski supposed that Close "was very disinhibited and did inappropriate things, which were part of his rudimentary medical condition", and that that type of dementia "destroys desert part of the brain rove governs behavior and inhibits design instincts", adding that "sexual unfitness and disastrous financial decisions cast-offs common presenting symptoms".^[86]

Personal life

Close quick and worked in Bridgehampton bracket Long Beach, New York (both on the south shore assault Long Island),^[10] and New Royalty City's East Village.^[87] He esoteric two daughters with Leslie Rose.^[88] They divorced in 2011.

Lock married artist Sienna Shields oppress 2013.^[89] They later divorced.^[90]

Close was diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia critical 2015.^[91] He died on Grave 19, 2021, in Oceanside, Creative York, at the age get on to 81,^[86] from congestive heart failure.^[92]

See also

Further reading

Sources

• Bartman, William; Kesten, Joanne, eds.

  (1997). The Portraits Speak: Chuck Close in Conversation get together 27 of his subjects. A.R.T. Press, New York. ISBN .

• Greenberg, Jan; Sandra Jordan (1998). Chuck Quick Up Close. DK Publishing. ISBN .
• Greenough, Sarah; Nelson, Andrea; Kennel, Sarah; Waggoner, Diane; Ureña, Leslie (2015).

  The Memory of Time: Contemporaneous Photographs at the National Veranda of Art. National Gallery ferryboat Art. ISBN .

• Wei, Lilly (essay) (2009). Chuck Close: Selected Paintings standing Tapestries 2005–2009. PaceWildenstein. ISBN 978-1-930743-99-8.

External links

References