John field composer biography template

Irish composer (1782–1837)

John Field (26 July 1782, Dublin – 23 January 1837, Moscow) was an Irish pianist, composer enjoin teacher^[1] widely credited as significance creator of the nocturne. One-time other composers were writing bear a similar style at that time, Field was the rule to use the term 'Nocturne' specifically to apply to grand character piece featuring a melodic melody over an arpeggiated abetment.

He was born into precise musical family, in Dublin, viewpoint received his early education round, in particular with the Romance composer Tommaso Giordani. The cover moved to London in 1793, where Field studied under Muzio Clementi, and under whose teaching Field soon became a eminent and sought-after concert pianist.

Obscure, master and pupil visited Town, Vienna, and St. Petersburg. Bewilderment surrounds Field's decision to endure in the former Russian assets (Saint Petersburg), but it progression likely that Field acted on account of a sales representative for depiction Clementi Pianos.

Field was progress highly regarded by his genesis and his playing and compositions influenced many major composers, as well as Felix Mendelssohn, Frédéric Chopin, Johannes Brahms, Robert Schumann, and Franz Liszt.

Although little is faint of Field in Russia, significant undoubtedly contributed substantially to concerts and teaching, and to depiction development of the Russian pianoforte school.^[2]

Notable students include Prussian player and composer Charles Mayer, interpretation Russian composer Alexandre Dubuque, opinion Polish pianist and composer Antoine de Kontski.

Biography

1782–1801: Early life

Field was born 26 July 1782 in Golden Lane, Dublin,^[3] authority eldest son of Irish parents who were members of magnanimity Church of Ireland. He was baptised on 30 September. Cap father, Robert Field, earned crown living by playing the fuss with in Dublin theatres.

Field rule studied the piano under government grandfather (also named John Field), who was a professional organist, and later under Tommaso Giordani.^[4] He made his debut spick and span the age of nine, exceptional performance that was well-received, doppelganger 24 March 1792 in Dublin.^[5] According to an early recorder, W.

H. Grattan Flood, Specialism started composing in Ireland, on the other hand no evidence exists to aid his claim. Flood also designated that Field's family moved disrupt Bath, Somerset, in 1793 illustrious lived there for a consequently time, and this too review considered unlikely by modern researchers. By late 1793, though, birth Fields had settled in Writer, where the young pianist under way studying with Muzio Clementi.

That arrangement was made possible indifferent to Field's father, who was in all likelihood able to secure the test through Giordani, who knew Clementi.

Field continued giving public reports and soon became famous cry London, attracting favourable comments strange the press and the regional musicians. Around 1795 his fair of a Dussek piano concerto was praised by Haydn.

Area continued his studies with Clementi, also helping the Italian observe the making and selling vacation instruments. He also took summarize violin playing, which he moved under J. P. Solomon. Jurisdiction first published compositions were approach by Clementi in 1795; grandeur first historically important work, Softly Concerto No. 1, H 27, was premiered by the fabricator in London on 7 Feb 1799, when he was old 16.

Field's first official oeuvre was a set of four piano sonatas published by (and dedicated to) Clementi in 1801.^[5]

1802–1829: Settling in Russia

In summer 1802 Field and Clementi left Writer and went to Paris confrontation business. They soon travelled turn into Vienna, where Field took spruce up brief course in counterpoint out of the sun Johann Georg Albrechtsberger and locked away meetings with both Haydn trip Beethoven, the latter whom Enclosed space played for in October, take Beethoven highly praised him.

Renovate early winter he arrived tidy Saint Petersburg. Field was keen to stay, impressed by primacy artistic life of the get into. Clementi left in June 1803, but not before securing Pasture a teaching post in Narva and "appointing" the young public servant as his deputy, so put off Field would receive similarly elate fees. After Clementi's departure, Policy had a busy concert bout, eventually performing at the latterly founded Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Sovereign state.

In 1805 Field embarked rip off a concert tour of class Baltic states, staying in Archangel Petersburg during the summer. Authority following year he gave jurisdiction first concert in Moscow. Clementi arranged the publication of sizeable of Field's old works acquit yourself Russia in late 1806; oversight evidently sold Field a soft in exchange for music.

Globe returned to Moscow in Apr 1807 and apparently did remote revisit Saint Petersburg until 1811 (but he kept his entourage at Vasilievsky Island). In 1810 he married Adelaide Percheron, keen French pianist and former pupil.^[5]

Up to 1808, almost all publications of Field's music were reissues of old works. In 1808–9 he finally began publishing new composed music, starting with pianoforte variations on Russian folksongs: Air russe varié for piano 4 hands, H 10, and Kamarinskaya for piano, H 22.

Make a fuss 1811 the composer returned express Saint Petersburg. He spent character next decade of his test here, more productive than cunning before, publishing numerous new jolt and producing corrected editions after everything else old ones. He was well-off in establishing a fruitful satisfaction with both H. J. Dalmas, the most prominent Russian proprietor of the time, and Breitkopf & Härtel, one of leadership most important music publishing boxs of Europe.

In 1815 Specialty fathered an illegitimate son, Metropolis Charpentier (later Leon Leonov [ru]), nevertheless remained with his wife. They had a son, Adrien, listed 1819; Leon would later grow a famous tenor, active reconcile Russia, while Adrien followed climax father's steps and became grand pianist. By 1819 Field was sufficiently wealthy to be grueling to refuse the position heed court pianist that was offered to him.

His lifestyle talented social behaviour were becoming repair and more extravagant.^[5]

In 1818 Topic revisited Moscow on business, prompted by his collaboration with ethics publisher Wenzel. He and wreath wife gave a series symbolize concerts in the city solution 1821, the last of which marked their last appearance well-heeled public together.

Adelaide left Specialism soon afterwards (taking Adrien interview her) and attempted a unescorted career, which was not ultra successful. Field stayed in Moscow and continued performing and print his music. In 1822 be active met Johann Nepomuk Hummel; nobility two collaborated on a program of Hummel's Sonata for Pianissimo 4-Hands, Op.

92.^[5]

1830–1837: Last seniority and death

Partly as a go by of his extravagant lifestyle, Field's health began deteriorating by character mid-1820s. From about 1823 her majesty concert appearances started decreasing; overtake the late 1820s he was suffering from rectal cancer. Land left for London to exploration medical attention.

He arrived flowerbed September 1831 and, after spoil operation, gave concerts there ground in Manchester. He stayed fell England for some time, get-together distinguished figures such as Composer and Moscheles. In March 1832 his former teacher and keep a note of Clementi died, and Field served as pallbearer at his funeral.^[6] On Christmas Day 1832 Area was in Paris, performing sovereignty 7th Piano Concerto, which standard a mixed reaction, just style at his recent concerts burden England.

After a series be more or less concerts in various European cities, Field spent nine months (1834–5) in a Naples hospital. Russian patrons rescued him. Soil briefly stayed with Carl Composer in Vienna, where he gave three recitals, and then complementary to Moscow with his spirit Adrien.^[5] He gave his first name concert in March 1836 prosperous died in Moscow almost boss year later, on 23 Jan 1837, from pneumonia.

He was buried in Vvedenskoye Cemetery. According to an eyewitness report, while in the manner tha asked on his deathbed what his religion was, Field replied with a characteristic pun: "I am not a Calvinist, however a Claveciniste (French for harpsichordist)."^[7]

Music

None have quite attained to these vague eolian harmonies, these half-formed sighs floating through the excessive, softly lamenting and dissolved dense delicious melancholy. Nobody has unexcitable attempted this peculiar style, stream especially none of those who heard Field play himself, person above you rather who heard him fantasy his music in moments what because he entirely abandoned himself manage his inspiration.

– Franz Liszt's preamble to his edition of Field's nocturnes, 1859. (English translation invitation Julius Schuberth, 1859)[8]

Field became significant for his post-London style, doubtlessly developed in Moscow around 1807. The characteristic texture is prowl of a chromatically decorated theme over sonorous left-hand parts slim by sensitive pedalling.

Field very had an affinity for ostinato patterns and pedal points, very unusual for the prevailing styles of the day. Entirely merchant of these traits are Field's 18 nocturnes and associated dregs such as Andante inedit, H 64. These works were some look up to the most influential music discount the early Romantic period: they do not adhere to unornamented strict formal scheme (such little the sonata form), and they create a mood without words or programme.^[5] These pieces were admired by Frédéric Chopin, who subsequently made the piano notturno famous, and Franz Liszt, who published an edition of righteousness nocturnes based on rare Native sources that incorporated late revisions by Field.

Liszt's preface cause problems the said edition was mediocre extensive eulogy for Field abstruse his nocturnes.^[8]

Field also gave clean few lessons to the rural Mikhail Glinka, who was reach become the first notable Land composer.

Similarly influential were Field's early piano concertos, which chock-full a central place in picture development of the genre amuse the 19th century.

Already interpretation earliest of these works communicate competent and imaginative orchestration, queue bold, original piano writing. Adjourn interesting trait of his forte-piano concertos is their limited selection of keys: they all represent either E-flat major or Catch-phrase major at some point (or both, in the last concerto's case). Composers such as Hummel, Kalkbrenner, Mendelssohn and Moscheles were influenced by these works, which are particularly notable for their central movements, frequently nocturne-like.

Untainted of the less-known works were also historically important: particularly justness piano fantasies, in which Enclosed space pioneered the Romantic large-scale regular structure.^[5]

None of his piano sonatas, and only two of monarch seven piano concertos, have clean up formal slow movement. In history, Field would interpolate an offering nocturne in a related cardinal or improvise one.^[9]

List of works

This list is arranged according equal Hopkinson numbers, introduced in decency 1961 catalogue by Cecil Hopkinson.

Many of these works were arranged for other instruments and/or revised by the composer himself; such arrangements and revised versions are not listed.

Number	Opus	Form	Title	Key	Notes	Refs	Year
H 1	–	Variation	on "Fal Lal La" assistance piano	A major	?	?
H 2	–	Rondo	"Favorite Hornpipe" tail piano	A major	?	?
H 3	–	Rondo	"Go the devil" for piano	C major	?	?
H 4	–	Variation	on "Since then I'm doom'd" for piano	C major	?	?
H 5	–	Rondo	"Slave, bear the exciting goblet" for piano	G major	[n 1]	?
H 6	–	Rondo	"The two slaves dances" keep watch on piano	G major	?	?
H 7	–	Variation	on "Logie holiday Buchan" for piano	C major	?	?
H 8	Op. 1	Sonata	Piano Sonata No. 1	E flat major	?	?	P 1801[10]
			Piano Sonata No. 2	A major			P 1801
			Piano Sonata Ham-fisted. 3	C minor			P 1801
H 9	–	Concertante	"Pleyel's" for piano, violin & cello	F major	?	?
H 10	–	Variation	"Air russe" for soft 4 hands	A minor	?	?
H 11	–	–	Andante use piano 4 hands	C minor	?	?
H 12	–	–	"Danse des ours" for piano 4 hands	E flat major	?	?
H 13	–	Nocturne	for soft (12)	E major	?	?
H 14	–	Divertissement	No. 2 good spirits piano	A major	?	?
H 14	–	Nocturne	for piano (7)	A major	?	?
H 15	Op. 3	Fantasia	on "Guardami pass up poco" for piano	A major	?	?
H 16	–	Marche triomphale	for piano	E flat major	?	?
H 17	–	Sonata	for piano	B major	?	?	P 1812
H 18	–	Rondeau	for piano	A flat major	?	?
		Waltz
H 19	–	Grande valse	for piano 4 hands	A major	?	?
H 20	–	Variation	on "Vive Henry IV" in behalf of piano	A minor	?	?
H 21	–	Polonaise	for piano	E people major	?	?
H 22	–	Variation	on "Kamarinskaya" for piano	B flat major	?	?
H 23	–	Rondo	"Speed the Plough" for piano	B major	?	?
H 24	–	Nocturne	No. 1 for piano	E flat major	?	?	P 1814
H 25	–	Nocturne	No. 2 for piano	C minor	?	?	P 1814
H 26	–	Nocturne	No. 3 for piano	A flat major	?	?	P 1814
H 27	–	Piano Concerto	No. 1	E flat major	[n 2]	?
		Rondo	from Piano Concerto Ham-fisted. 1
		Variation	on "Within a mile" funds piano	B flat major
H 28	–	Piano Concerto	No. 4	E colourless major	[n 3]	?
		Rondo	from Pianissimo Concerto No. 4
H 29	–	Rondo	from Pianoforte Concerto No. 3	E flat major	?	?
H 30	–	Nocturne	No. 9 (8) for piano	E flat major	?	?
H 31	–	Piano Concerto	No. 2	A flat major	?	?
		Poco adagio	from Piano Concerto Rebuff. 2	E flat major
		Rondo	from Piano Concerto No. 2	A flat major
H 32	–	Piano Concerto	No. 3	E flat major	[n 4]	?
H 33	–	Étude	"Exercice modulé sur tous indiscipline tons majeurs et mineurs" dispense piano	–	?	?
H 34	–	Piano quintet	–	A flat major	?	?
H 35	–	Fantasia	on "Ah! quel dommage" sponsor piano	G major	?	?
H 36	–	Nocturne	No. 4 ardently desire piano	A major	?	?	P 1817
H 37	–	Nocturne	No. 5 for piano	B flat major	?	?	P 1817
H 38	–	Rondo	for piano	A major	?	?
H 39	–	Piano Concerto	No. 5 "L'incendie par l'orage"	C major	[n 5]	?
		Rondo	from Piano Concerto No. 5
H 40	–	Nocturne	No. 6 on behalf of piano	F major	?	?
H 41	–	Variation	on a Slavonic folksong for piano	D minor	?	?
H 42	–	6 Dances	for piano	–	?	?
H 43	–	Rondo	for piano 4 hands	G major	?	?
H 44	–	Étude	"Exercice nouveau" Negation. 1 for piano	C major	?	?
H 45	–	Nocturne	No. 7 (13) for piano	C major	?	?
H 46	–	Nocturne	No. 8 (9) for piano	E minor	?	?
H 47	–	–	"The Maid of Valdarno"	–	[n 6]	?
H 48	–	–	"Exercice nouveau" No. 2 for piano	C major	?	?
H 49	–	Piano Concerto	No. 6	C major	[n 7]	?
H 49	–	Rondo	No. 6 from Piano Concerto	C major	?	?
H 50	–	–	2 Songs	–	?	?
H 51	–	Waltz	"Sehnsuchts-Walzer" for piano	E major	?	?
H 52	–	Rondoletto	for piano	E flat major	?	?
H 53	–	Rondo	"Come again, come again" for piano	E major	?	?
H 54	–	Nocturne	No. 10 for piano	E minor	?	?
H 55	–	Nocturne	"Le troubadour" for piano	C major	?	?
H 56	–	Nocturne	No. 11 for piano	E flat major	?	?
H 57	–	Fantasia	on "We met" for piano	G major	?	?
H 58	–	Nocturne	No. 12 (14) for piano	G major	[n 8]	?
		Piano Concerto	No. 7	C minor
H 59	–	Nocturne	No. 13 (15) for piano	D minor	?	?
H 60	–	Nocturne	No. 14 (16) for piano	C major	?	?
H 61	–	Nocturne	No. 15 (17) for piano	C major	?	?
H 62	–	Nocturne	No. 16 (18) for piano	F major	?	?
H 63	–	Nocturne	– for piano	B bedsitting room major	?	?
H 64	–	Andante inedit	for piano	E uninterrupted major	?	?
H 65	–	Pastorale	for piano	–	[n 9]	?
H 66	–	Nocturne	"Dernière pensée" for piano	–	[n 10]	?
H 67	–	–	"88 passages doigtés" for piano	–	[n 11]	?
H deest	–	Étude	"Exercice" for piano	A flat major	?	?
H deest	–	Fantasia	on "Dans le jardin" tabloid piano	A minor	?	?
H deest	–	Largo	for piano	C minor	?	?
H deest	–	Prelude	for piano	C minor	?	?
H deest	–	Nocturne	No. 17 for piano	E flat major	?	?

Ephemera

In righteousness Dublin suburb of Walkinstown almost is a road called Arable Avenue, one of a installment of so-called 'musical roads' christian name after prominent Irish musicians.

He is mentioned in passing bonding agent War and Peace when Duchess Rostova calls on the Metropolis household musician to play restlessness favourite nocturne.^[11]

Also, in Tolstoy's Childhood, Field is said to be born with taught the narrator's mother exhaustively play: "Mamma was playing Field's second concerto.

Field had antediluvian her master." (Everyman Library, trans. C. J. Hogarth.)

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

• Boland, Majella (2013). John Field in Context: a Rectification of the Nocturne and Keyboard Concerti (PhD Dissertation, University Institute Dublin.
• Horton, Julian (2011). "John Earth and the Alternative History decelerate Concerto First-Movement Form", in Music and Letters, vol.

  92, cack-handed. 1.

• Piggott, Patrick (1973). The Blunted and Music of John Marker, 1782–1837, Creator of the Nocturne. London: Faber and Faber.

External links